The Ghana Institute of Planners (GIP) is an internationally recognized body of professional planners in
Ghana. As the lead institution for promoting high standards of professional planning practice and advocacy
in Ghana, and in line with its planning activism, the Institute advocates for the protection and preservation
of the natural environment. In the interest of the public and the ethics of the planning profession, the GIP
hereby states its position on the E.I. 144, which declassifies 361.50 Acres of the Achimota Forest as nonforest reserve effective May 1, 2022.
Evidently, the Gold Coast colonial government compulsorily acquired the total area of land known as the
Achimota lands. The certificates of title dated 16th December 1921 and 17th May 1927 under the Public
Lands Ordinance of 1876 for the establishment of the Prince of Wales College (now Achimota School). A
portion of the land constituted a forest reserve to provide among others, a buffer between the college and
the city of Accra, and to provide cheap fuelwood (an important resource at the time) for the college. The
forest reserve mentioned above is what is currently known as the Achimota Forest Reserve, a much larger
expanse than what is available at present. A Certificate of Title (No. 869/1921) indicates the Owoo Family
and the Government of Ghana reached an agreement that led to the payment of four thousand pounds
(£4,000.00) to the Family as compensation.
However, on May 17, 2022, a press release signed by the Minister of Lands and Natural Resources
claimed, “there are no records of payment of compensation for the 1927 acquisition. Also, the statement
asserted that, following encroachment on the Achimota Forest Reserve, the Owoo Family (identified as
the original owners of the land) petitioned Government for the release of portions of the Forest Reserve
specified in E.I. 144. “This led to the publication of the two instruments, the Forests (Cessation of Forest
Reserve) Instrument, 2022 (E.I 144), and the Forests (Achimota Firewood Plantation Forest Reserve)
(Amendment) Instrument, 2022 (E.I. 154).”. Conspicuously, GIP expresses grave concern over the
publication of a gazette for the Forests (Cessation of Forest Reserve) Instrument, 2022 (E.I 144) leading
to the loss of 361.50 Acres of the over 100 years old Achimota Forest Reserve in Accra, one of the largest
urban green infrastructures in the city of Accra.
Thus, the Ghana Institute of Planners (GIP) notes with concern the following:
1. that the decision to declassify the 361.50 Acres of the Achimota Forest emanates from a limited
appreciation of the uncompromising benefits of urban forest reserves. The Achimota Forest
Reserve provides important social and ecological benefits for residents of Accra and beyond. This
Forest reservation helps create an aesthetic environment and contribute to keeping the climate stable, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Also, it serves as a home to some species
found on land – a rich variety of life that keeps many natural systems running. The entirety of the
Achimota Forest is an important public good and a subject of ecological security that ought to be
protected by the Government of Ghana. Any pecuniary cost aimed at protecting this forest can
therefore not be a discretionary one.
2. that the declassified 361.50 Acres of the Achimota Forest Reserve are not peripheral but integral
part to maintain the Forest’s ecological integrity. Again, the declassification of the 361.50 Acres
of the Achimota Forest Reserve amount to the loss of 146 hectares. What is worrisome is the
ecological injury the E.I. 144 inflicts on the over hundred-year-old revered ecologically secured
and trusted Achimota Forest Reserve in the city of Accra. Thus, the reserve which has already lost
27% of its cover to developers will further lose 41% to E.I 144, the biggest loss in the history of
the Achimota Forest Reserve. The cumulative effect is that effective May 1, 2022, the Achimota
Forest Reserve has lost close to 57% of its original size to uses other than ecological preservation.
Currently, the original size of the Forest Reserve has reduced from 495 hectares since the year
1927 to 214 hectares with E.I 144 in force in 2022, thereby posing an immediate threat to urban
ecological security and integrity in Accra. Overall, E.I 144 has provoked the national and global
quest for sustainable cities and integrating climate change measures into national policies and
planning. Thus, an action to recover and protect the ecological integrity of the Achimota Forest
Reserve and all other Forests reserves in Ghana is timely and critically needed.
3. that the processes leading to change of use of the 361.50 Acres of the Achimota Forest is
inconsistent with the Land Use and Spatial Planning Act 2016, Act 925. While the GIP
acknowledges that Traditional Authorities, Families, and individuals have the right to own land,
the use of such land is determined by an approved zoning scheme [Section 87 (1) under Act 925]
by the District Assembly.
Thus, as a professional body, the GIP is drawing Government’s attention to the non-negotiable ecological
importance of the Achimota Forest, improving the air quality, managing storm water in a flood-prone city
like Accra and mitigating urban heat islands. These are critical for attaining the Sustainable Development
Goals, particularly goal 11 (sustainable cities and communities) and goal 13 (climate action). Given this
background, any policy that threaten the sustainability of such important ecological resource is a travesty
to the whole idea of sustainable development. It is for this reason that many cities in the global north
consciously and conspicuously integrate green infrastructure into their cityscape. Also, population-green
space ratio is as important as any indicator of development. Thus, our national policies, strategies and
actions must shift towards sustainability, ecological, environmental and social progress. Undoubtedly, as
humans, our insatiable material transaction with the natural environment must not proceed unguarded.
The GIP is convinced that the Achimota Forest is the only green cover/reserve in Accra that has been
effectively maintained despite encroachment, thus, it must be protected. The GIP is aware of the
Government of Ghana’s commitment to implementing the Green Ghana Project and protecting the
Achimota Forest Reserve and many other forests reserves in Ghana. In so doing, the Institute
recommends the leadership of the Government to take immediate action to suspend the
declassification of the 361.50 Acres of the Achimota Forest Reserve. Thus, the Institute will continue
to engage the leadership of the Government of Ghana and the appropriate agencies both local and
international to recover and protect the ecological integrity of the Achimota Forest Reserve and all other
Forest Reserves in Ghana.
GIP’s Demands from the Government
First, as a matter of urgency, the Government should immediately halt the declassification of the
361.50 Acres of the Achimota Forest Reserve as non-forest reserve and adequately consult all
stakeholders in compliance with Section 93(4) of the the Land Use and Spatial Planning Act 2016, Act
925. Additionally, the government through the Forestry Commission should roll out programmes to
raise awareness on the protection of Ghanaian forests and particularly engage in policy dialogue on
sustainable forest conservation and uses as a means to achieve the economic, social, cultural and
environmental benefits by minimizing the trade-offs.
Second, the government should direct sufficient non-discretionary funding and action to recover
degraded areas and maintain the ecological integrity of the entire Achimota Forest Reserve. Other
funding opportunities should be explored by collaborating with civil society organizations to solicit
funds from endowment funds to protect the forest. This aspect is in line with the United Nations’
Food and Agriculture Organization advise to countries to halt deforestation in all its forms and to
restore degraded forests. According to FAO (in 2020), halting deforestation and maintaining forests
could prevent emitting an estimated 3.6 gigatonnes of CO2 annually between 2020 and 2050,
constituting 14% of what is needed by 2030 to keep global warming below 1.5 oC while protecting
50% of the Earth’s biological diversity. Ghana cannot and must not stand aloof in the global fight
against climate and environmental deterioration.
Finally, the Government should publicly commit to enhancing collaboration with stakeholders to
halt and reverse forest loss and land degradation in Ghana with definite timelines as a matter of
intergeneration equity.
END
SIGNED
PLN. MOHAMMED A. DAMBA (FGIP)
PRESIDENT, GHANA INSTITUTE OF PLANNERS
